용융염 전기분해를 통해 희토류 금속을 생산하는 주요 공업적 생산방법. 1970년대에 희토류 염화물 전기분해 전지의 규모는 50,000암페어에 이르렀고, 연간 수천 톤의 희토류 금속(주로 세륨 혼합 희토류 금속, 금속 세륨, 란타늄, 프라세오디뮴, 네오디뮴)을 생산했습니다. 희토류 용융염 전기분해 시스템에 따르면 희토류 염화물을 전기분해하는 RCl3-KCl(NaCl) 시스템과 두 가지 범주로 나눌 수 있습니다. 두 번째는 희토류 산화물을 전기분해하는 RF3 LiF BaF2(CaF2) 시스템이다. 염화물계 전기분해용 전해질은 35-50% 무수 RCl3 및 KCl로 제조됩니다. 원료의 불순물 함량(%)은 Fe2O3로 표시됩니다.<0.07, Ca<3, Th<0.03. The electrolysis temperature is higher than the melting point of the metal, and the temperature for producing mixed rare earth metals and cerium by electrolysis is 850-900 ℃; The temperature for electrolytic production of lanthanum is 900-930 ℃; The temperature for electrolytic production of praseodymium neodymium alloy is about 950 ℃. Using a molybdenum rod as the cathode, the current density is 3-5 A/cm2. Using graphite as the anode, the current density is less than 1 ampere/cm2. The slot voltage is 8-9 volts, and the pole spacing is adjustable. The metal yield is 80-90%, and the purity is 98-99.5%. The electrolysis method can also be used to produce alloys of rare earths, aluminum, magnesium, and even transition metals. There are two methods based on their working principles: ① using liquid metals such as aluminum or magnesium as cathodes, electrolyzing Y2O3 or YCl3 in YF3 LiF or YCl3 KCl systems to reduce and precipitate Y3+on the liquid aluminum or magnesium cathode, generating Y-Al or Y-Mg alloys with yttrium content of up to 20% and 48%, respectively; ② Co precipitation of electrolytic alloy components to produce Y-Al and Y-Mg alloys. When producing Y-Al alloy by electrolysis, an electrolyte with a molar ratio of LiF: YF3=1:4 is used. Under the process conditions of electrolysis temperature of 1025 ℃ and cathode current density of 0.6 A/cm2, a mixture of Al2O3 and Y2O3 with an electrolysis content of 14-17% is electrolyzed. Y3+and Al3+are reduced and precipitated together on the cathode to form Y-Al alloy. When producing Y-Mg alloy by electrolysis, the electrolyte of YCl3-MgCl2-KCl system is used for electrolysis at 900 ℃, and Y3+and Mg2+ions are jointly reduced and precipitated on the cathode to form Y-Mg alloy.